Sex Differences in Drug Development
نویسندگان
چکیده
The premise of individualized or personalized medicine is that the intervention is tailored to the individual. Individualized therapy will accommodate differences in body size, differences in metabolism and elimination, as well as differences in response. One appropriate starting point for individualized therapy is to focus on sex differences. Men and women differ in critical molecular, genetic, cellular, and physiological aspects. One important consequence of these differences is how sex influences drug disposition and impact. While, historically, women were excluded from most clinical studies, more recently there have been attempts to include them as subjects in all aspects of drug development. Additionally, more attention is being directed to sexappropriate diagnosis and treatment of disease as a component of individualized medicine. Despite this Sex Differences in Drug Development A. C. Mattison Faye, D. R. Mattison increased attention to sex differences, there remain substantial gaps in our understanding of sex differences in drug development, the focus of this review. This review was adapted from a talk presented at the Second International Congress of Gender Medicine in Vienna in 2007. Kurzfassung: Die Voraussetzung für individualisierte oder personalisierte Medizin ist der Zuschnitt der Behandlung auf das Individuum. Individualisierte Therapie berücksichtigt Unterschiede bei Körpergröße, Metabolismus und Medikamentenausscheidung sowie unterschiedliches Ansprechen. Ein geeigneter Ansatzpunkt für individualisierte Therapie ist der Fokus auf Geschlechtsunterschiede. Männer und Frauen unterscheiden sich kritisch in molekularer, genetischer, zellulärer und physiologischer Sicht. Eine wichtige KonseFrom the Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology Branch, Center for Research for Mothers and Children, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services Correspondence: Donald R Mattison, MD, Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology Branch, Center for Research for Mothers and Children, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd, Rm 4A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] quenz dieser Unterschiede ist, wie das Geschlecht die Anwendung von Medikamenten und deren Wirkung beeinflusst. In der Vergangenheit waren Frauen von den meisten klinischen Studien ausgeschlossen, in den vergangenen Jahren wurden Versuche unternommen, sie in Medikamentenentwicklungsstudien einzuschließen. Zusätzlich wird mehr Aufmerksamkeit auf geschlechtsangepasste Diagnose und Behandlung als Teil der individualisierten Medizin gelegt. Trotz der steigenden Beachtung von Geschlechtsunterschieden bleiben weitreichende Diskrepanzen in unserem Verständnis von Geschlechtsunterschieden in der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente, worauf diese Übersicht eingehen wird. Diese Übersichtsarbeit ist die Fortführung einer Präsentation am Second International Congress of Gender Medicine, der im Juni 2007 in Wien stattfand. Blickpunkt DER MANN 2008; 6 (1): 21–5.
منابع مشابه
Sex differences and role of gonadal hormones in development of tolerance to morphine analgesia and glutamate level in the nucleus accumbens of rats: A microdialysis study
Introduction: Sex differences are observed in the development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect of opioid drugs such as morphine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Critical role of glutamate in the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance has been reported by many investigators. There are also evidences about interaction between gonadal hormones and neuromodulatory sy...
متن کاملSex Differences in the Association of Household Income with Amygdala Volume
Background: Household income and other socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators are among the most salient social determinants of children’s emotions and behaviors. Some research has shown that income and other SEP indicators may have certain sex-specific effects on the structures and functions of particular brain regions. Objectives: To investigate sex differences in the association of househ...
متن کاملAnnual cycle of ovarian development and sex hormones of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in captivity
The grey mullet fingerling were imported to Iran in 1997 from Hong Kong and in coastal fish pond of north part of Iran were successfully cultured in order to obtain broodstocks and induce artificial reproduction. Seasonal changes in serum concentrations of Testosterone, 17-β Estradiole (E2), 17-α Hydroxy Progesterone and also the level of calcium, Triglyceride and cholesterol in females grey mu...
متن کاملSex differences in the outcomes of stent implantation in mini-swine model
Sex-related differences have been noted in cardiovascular anatomy, pathophysiology, and treatment responses, yet we continued to drive evaluation of vascular device development in animal models without consideration of animal sex. We aimed to understand sex-related differences in the vascular responses to stent implantation by analyzing the pooled data of endovascular interventions in 164 Yucat...
متن کاملLight deprivation related changes of strategy selection in the radial maze
During the early postnatal age environmental signals underlie development of sensory systems. The visual system is considered as an appropriate system for evaluation of the role of sensory experience in postnatal development of sensory systems. In this study we evaluated the effect of visual deprivation on the usage of visuospatial cues in navigation of radial arm maze. Light (LR) and dark rear...
متن کاملLight deprivation related changes of strategy selection in the radial maze
During the early postnatal age environmental signals underlie development of sensory systems. The visual system is considered as an appropriate system for evaluation of the role of sensory experience in postnatal development of sensory systems. In this study we evaluated the effect of visual deprivation on the usage of visuospatial cues in navigation of radial arm maze. Light (LR) and dark rear...
متن کامل